Golden jackals, native to India, are making a noticeable return to urban Mumbai, especially in Navi Mumbai. Once thriving in mangroves and grasslands, these animals are now navigating busy neighborhoods as urbanization encroaches on their natural habitats. A survey by the Wildlife Conservation Society India highlights a behavioral shift in jackals, which are typically nocturnal but are now frequently seen during the day, signaling their struggle to adapt to urban pressures.
Status of Golden Jackals
Classified under Schedule I of the Wildlife Protection Act, 1972, golden jackals (Canis aureus) are a protected species in India, with an estimated population of 80,000. However, their exact numbers in the Mumbai Metropolitan Region remain unclear. Navi Mumbai, in particular, has seen increased sightings as construction projects disrupt their habitats.
Why Are Sightings Increasing?
Three main factors drive the rise in golden jackal sightings:
- Habitat Loss: Construction activities have significantly reduced their natural spaces, pushing jackals into urban zones.
- Stray Dogs: The presence of stray dogs near human settlements may encourage jackals to venture closer.
- Behavioral Adaptation: Jackals are adapting to urban environments, becoming less reclusive and more visible in public areas.
Urbanization’s Toll on Jackals
Urban development has led to dire consequences for jackals. Road accidents are now a leading cause of death as highways disrupt their natural movement patterns. Their increasing presence in urban areas heightens the risk of such incidents.
Why Conservation Matters
Golden jackals play a crucial role in maintaining ecological balance by controlling populations of smaller animals. Conservationists emphasize the need for a detailed census to better understand their population and devise effective strategies for their protection.
Urgent Need for Monitoring
Despite the rising sightings, no formal census of golden jackals exists in the region. Experts suggest using tools like camera traps to monitor their activity and movements, providing critical data for conservation efforts.
Conservation Strategies
To safeguard golden jackals and their habitats, conservationists propose:
- Conducting population assessments through radio-collaring and tracking.
- Establishing a veterinary hospital in Jui Nagar to care for injured jackals.
- Strengthening mangrove and wetland management to preserve their natural habitats.
Coexistence and Future Prospects
In areas like the BSNL Quarters and BARC in Chembur, residents have coexisted harmoniously with golden jackals, offering a model for other urban regions such as Kharghar. As Navi Mumbai continues to expand, a balanced approach to urban development and wildlife conservation is essential for the survival of golden jackals and the ecosystems they support.
