India continues to advance on the path toward achieving Sustainable Development Goal 3 (SDG 3)—a global commitment to ensure healthy lives and promote well-being for all age groups. Recent assessments reveal that the country is making steady progress across several health indicators, including maternal care, immunisation coverage, and disease management.
A Steady Rise in Human Development
Since 1990, India’s Human Development Index (HDI) has jumped by more than 53%, outperforming global and South Asian averages. This leap is largely attributed to sustained economic growth and flagship health initiatives like the National Rural Health Mission and Ayushman Bharat. As of 2023, India’s life expectancy climbed to 72 years, marking the highest level recorded since the HDI began.
NITI Aayog Signals Positive Momentum in Sustainable Development Goal 3
India’s Sustainable Development Goal 3 score, as reported by NITI Aayog, improved significantly—from 52 in 2018 to 77 in 2023. Several states have emerged as leaders in health outcomes. The maternal mortality rate has declined to 97 per 100,000 live births, with Kerala and Tamil Nadu already meeting the 2030 global target of 70.
Progress in Child Health and Immunisation
Significant headway has been made in reducing under-five mortality, which dropped to 32 per 1,000 live births. Kerala leads the nation with just 8 deaths per 1,000. Child immunisation coverage for those aged 9 to 11 months hit 93.23%, with some regions reporting over 100% due to effective outreach campaigns.
Strengthening Disease Control and Health Infrastructure
India has made critical gains in controlling infectious diseases. HIV incidence remains low at 0.05 per 1,000 uninfected individuals, and tuberculosis case notification has reached 87.13%, with states like Gujarat exceeding targets. Institutional deliveries have risen to 97.18%, with Lakshadweep achieving full coverage.
Persistent Health Challenges
Despite impressive strides, challenges persist. Malnutrition remains a serious concern—35% of children under five are stunted, 19% are wasted, and 67% suffer from anaemia. Among women aged 15–49, anaemia affects 57%, signaling the need for targeted nutritional interventions.
The Growing Threat of Non-Communicable Diseases
A major hurdle on the road to SDG 3 is the surge in non-communicable diseases (NCDs). By 2019, NCDs such as diabetes, hypertension, and cancer accounted for over 60% of all deaths in India. Experts caution that without timely prevention and early diagnosis, the NCD burden may derail progress.
Charting the Way Forward
To fully realize SDG 3 by 2030, a comprehensive and inclusive approach is critical. Recommended actions include:
- Expanding last-mile delivery of healthcare services
- Scaling up screening and treatment for NCDs
- Combating malnutrition and micronutrient deficiencies
- Prioritising mental health infrastructure
- Boosting investments in primary healthcare, especially in rural regions
- Promoting equity in access between urban and rural populations
With sustained political will and targeted health policies, India can turn current momentum into lasting impact for all its citizens.
