Aralam Butterfly Sanctuary Becomes India’s First Protected Butterfly Reserve

Aralam Butterfly Sanctuary, located in Kannur district of Kerala, has officially been designated as India’s first dedicated protected area for butterflies. Renamed on June 18, 2025, this sanctuary now symbolizes a significant shift in biodiversity conservation priorities, focusing specifically on one of the most ecologically vital yet often overlooked insect groups—butterflies. Spanning an area of 55 square kilometres, Aralam Butterfly Sanctuary lies within the Western Ghats, a UNESCO World Heritage Site and one of the eight “hottest hotspots” of biological diversity in the world.

Historical Context

Originally established in 1984 as Aralam Wildlife Sanctuary, this region has long been admired for its lush tropical and semi-evergreen forests. Over the past 25 years, local wildlife enthusiasts, researchers, forest officials, and biodiversity experts have advocated for greater attention to butterfly conservation. Their consistent efforts led to the recent renaming of the sanctuary as Aralam Butterfly Sanctuary, finally recognising the sanctuary’s immense importance in butterfly diversity and ecological research.

Rich Biodiversity

The Aralam Butterfly Sanctuary hosts an astonishing 266 species of butterflies, accounting for over 80% of Kerala’s total butterfly population. Several of these species are endemic to the Western Ghats, making the area vital for conservation. In addition to butterflies, the sanctuary is home to a wide variety of wildlife including elephants, leopards, Nilgiri langurs, Malabar giant squirrels, and over 200 species of birds.

This diversity has made Aralam a critical area for both scientific study and nature-based education. The region’s varied altitude, ranging from 60 to 1489 metres, supports a wide spectrum of microclimates and flora types—ideal conditions for butterflies to thrive.

Spectacular Butterfly Migration

One of the most remarkable natural phenomena observed in Aralam Butterfly Sanctuary is the annual butterfly migration. Occurring between October and February, this event features thousands of butterflies, including the Common Albatross and other migratory species, journeying into the sanctuary. This visual feast draws researchers, photographers, and nature lovers from across the country, providing valuable insights into the migratory patterns, breeding cycles, and climate preferences of these delicate insects.

Conservation and Research Efforts

To ensure sustained conservation, the Kerala Forest Department, in collaboration with the Malabar Natural History Society, conducts annual butterfly surveys. These surveys are crucial in monitoring population changes and understanding habitat conditions.

The sanctuary has also introduced the “Butterfly Safari Trail”—an eco-educational initiative aimed at involving the public in conservation efforts. Guided walks, identification workshops, and interactive sessions help raise awareness about butterfly ecology and the importance of their conservation.

Boost to Ecotourism

With its official designation, Aralam Butterfly Sanctuary is poised to become a major hub for ecotourism in South India. Its natural beauty, coupled with unique butterfly-centric attractions, provides an immersive experience for visitors. Tourists can engage in guided treks, butterfly watching tours, and nature photography, contributing to sustainable tourism and local employment.

The sanctuary’s strategic location and proximity to other eco-destinations in the Western Ghats make it an ideal stop for travellers seeking tranquillity, learning, and adventure.

Importance of Butterflies in Ecosystems

Butterflies serve as pollinators and bioindicators, making them crucial for ecosystem health. Their presence indicates the overall quality of the environment, as they are highly sensitive to changes in climate, pollution, and habitat destruction. The conservation focus on butterflies through Aralam Butterfly Sanctuary reflects a growing understanding of the interdependence of species and the environment.

By protecting butterflies, the sanctuary also safeguards numerous plant species and supports broader ecological stability.

Conclusion

The renaming and renewed focus on Aralam Butterfly Sanctuary highlight India’s evolving approach to biodiversity conservation. By recognising the ecological importance of butterflies, this initiative fosters a deeper appreciation for lesser-known species and reinforces the need for holistic conservation strategies.

As the sanctuary moves forward with expanded research, public engagement, and ecotourism development, it sets a precedent for other regions in India and beyond to follow suit in protecting not just iconic wildlife, but the smaller, equally essential species that sustain our planet’s ecosystems.