Recent studies in Kerala’s Western Ghats have unveiled a new genus and two new Freshwater Crab Species, highlighting the region’s rich biodiversity and high endemism. These discoveries, made by researchers from the University of Kerala and the National University of Singapore, belong to the Gecarcinucidae family and were found in isolated mountain streams. The findings enhance our understanding of freshwater crab diversity while raising concerns about habitat threats.
Discovery and Classification of Freshwater Crab Species
The research team identified a new genus, Kasargodia, and two species: Kasargodia sheebae and Pilarta vaman. Kasargodia sheebae, found in Kasaragod district, is named after the district and Sheeba Smrithy Raj, a researcher’s wife. Pilarta vaman, discovered in Gavi, Pathanamthitta district, is named after the Hindu deity Vaman, reflecting its small size. These names connect to local geography and cultural heritage.
Distinct Physical Features
Kasargodia sheebae features a brownish-orange carapace adorned with numerous black spots, with orange limbs and claws marked with black. Pilarta vaman has a more quadrate carapace and is notably smaller. Both species were collected from small mountain streams flowing through grasslands, suggesting a preference for specific freshwater habitats.
Habitat and Endemism
The Western Ghats, a biodiversity hotspot, is home to many endemic freshwater crab species. These crabs are primarily nocturnal, residing in deep burrows, which makes them challenging to locate. The Kerala region of the Western Ghats exhibits nearly 70% endemism in freshwater crabs, surpassing many other organism groups. The newly discovered species are rare, with only a few individuals observed.
Conservation Challenges
Both Kasargodia sheebae and Pilarta vaman face threats from human activities. Tourism in the grasslands where these crabs reside disrupts their delicate habitats. Habitat degradation and pollution further jeopardize their survival, underscoring the need for conservation efforts to protect these species and their environments.
Scientific Importance
These discoveries advance the taxonomy and biodiversity knowledge of freshwater crabs. Published in journals such as the Journal of Crustacean Biology and Zootaxa, the findings emphasize the importance of ongoing exploration in biodiversity hotspots to uncover hidden species.
